Michael Sandel is a philosopher with the global profile of a rock star. He shows us that morality is neither the result of rational reflection (a learned exercise in determining values like fairness, justice, or prevention of harm) nor merely of innate, inherited assumptions. The levels are called preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality. Cognitive moral development, often referred to as moral reasoning, stems from the field of cognitive developmental psychology and moral psychology. Since Sandel began teaching it in 1981, “Justice” has had a cumulative enrollment of 10,600 students, the largest alumni group of any Core course taught by a single professor. Kohlberg was less interested in the answers themselves than in understanding the thinking process behind them. Since it was initially proposed, Kohlberg’s theory has been criticized for overemphasizing a Western male perspective on moral reasoning. “Justice,” or “Moral Reasoning 22,” is a course taught by Michael Sandel, recently named the first Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor. Ss were administered the Defining Issues Test to measure moral reasoning level, and 2 … He further divided each level into two distinct stages. The theory includes three levels and six stages of moral thinking. Includes episode guide, readings, discussion circle and press releases along with his biography and 2009 Reith lectures. Such reasoning, with all its legalisms, texts, case analysis, and so on, may not look much like moral reasoning, but, as we have seen, we should not judge it by the standards of individual moral reasoning, and we should not judge it by the standards of reasoning legislatively in … If one person violates a law, perhaps everyone would—thus there is an obligation and a duty to uphold laws and rules. Early work done by Jean Piaget studying the cognitive abilities of children to make moral judgments as they grow and mature created the foundation for the later work of Lawrence Kohlberg and James Rest in studying the moral reasoning … Each level includes two stages. Reasoning is the process of using existing knowledge to draw conclusions, make predictions, or construct explanations. Based on the children’s responses, Kohlberg classified their moral reasoning into three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. Most active members of society remain at stage four, where morality is still predominantly dictated by an outside force. Method/ process of moral reasoning, dialectic-our moral convictions are not fixed-moral reasoning can be achieved through reflection, applying particular instances to general principles -not a solitary process, philosophy requires the opinions of others, justice without the drawings in the cave is meaningless. Complete video of Michael Sandel's 'Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do?' course on ethics at Harvard University. Moral reasoning in stage four is beyond the need for individual approval exhibited in stage three. Haidt gives us the “first rule of moral psychology”: “Intuitions come first, strategic reasoning second” (367). Ethical reasoning pertains to the rights and wrongs of human conduct, relating to moral principles. Abstract: Examined the relationship between moral reasoning and the incidence of cheating and lying in a sample of 90 religious vs 131 secular (public) 9th-12th grade high school students. Ethical reasoning defined and explained with examples. Stages of Moral Development Three methods of reasoning are … Intuition and Reasoning. His argument that commercial markets are increasingly entering all parts of life, and are becoming more and more destructive, has won him a worldwide following.
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