The same year, Kerr married Alison "Peggy" Worstead,[7] with whom he had three children. [3], For the first two years of his life, Kerr and his parents lived with his paternal grandparents in a weatherboard cottage in Balmain. [9]:p.192 During this period his political views became more conservative. [2] He was sacked three months later, but soon found work at the Cockatoo Island Dockyard, which were at full capacity due to the ongoing war. For the next 4 weeks Fraser deferred any vote on these bills. The Whitlam Government had won a second term in May 1974 following a double dissolution and picked up an additional three Senate seats, leaving it on equal numbers with the Liberal-Country party coalition and with the balance of power held by two independents. His contemporaries remembered him as quite aloof; one of his few close friends was Francis James. [42] This award was made by the Queen during an official visit to Australia, and was conferred on board HMY Britannia in Fremantle Harbour. Sir John Robert Kerr AK, GCMG, GCVO, QC (24 September 1914 – 24 March 1991) was an Australian barrister and judge who served as the 18th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1974 to 1977. It was reported that "strings had been pulled" to ensure her quick divorce from Robson and an avoidance of publicity. Sir Johannes Bjelke-Petersen KCMG (13 January 1911 – 23 April 2005) was an Australian conservative politician. In 1938 Kerr had married ‘Peggy’, with whom he had three children. They were married in 1975 during his term of office, six months after the death of his first wife Alison. He felt it necessary not to disclose this intention to Whitlam and his ministers because of his fear that Whitlam would advise the Queen to exercise her constitutional power to terminate Kerr's commission as Governor-General. Whitlam had offered to extend his term, but Hasluck declined, citing his wife's refusal to remain at Yarralumla longer than the originally agreed five years. John Kerr of Selkirk Forest, having accepted the English peace after the death of William Douglas is granted lands at Auldtonburn (known as Attonburn) near Morebattle. Genealogy profile for Sir Robert Kerr, Kt. The Government had an obligation to obtain supply through Parliament. They had a son and a daughter. "[9]:p.428, According to historian Phillip Knightley, "The remaining years of Sir John Kerr's life were miserable ones. In the 1960s Kerr became one of Sydney's leading industrial lawyers. [28] On one occasion his life was thought to be endangered when he was unable to leave a speaking engagement in Melbourne except by having his car drive through an angry crowd. However, by 1975, the office was viewed as having become almost entirely ceremonial, and it was understood that in most cases the Governor-General was bound to act on the advice of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. [9]:p.424 Bill Hayden, the new leader of the Labor Party, now in opposition, was one of the critics of the UNESCO appointment. On 30 July, Kerr signed a proclamation convening the historic Joint Sitting of the Australian Parliament on 6 and 7 August. [12] Kerr did not know Whitlam well, although they had shared legal chambers some years earlier, but he had remained friends with several ministers in Whitlam's government, such as Jim McClelland and Joe Riordan. n.d., [Biographical cuttings on Lady Anne Kerr, wife of former Governor-General Sir John Kerr, containing one or more cuttings from newspapers or journals] Wikipedia Citation. On 1 April 1942 Kerr began full-time duty in the Citizen Military Forces, at the Base Supply Depot, Parkes. He disliked what he saw as the Labor Party's leftward trend under Evatt's leadership, but was not attracted to the breakaway group, the Democratic Labor Party. Shortly thereafter he married Kathleen "Cait" Mills, whom he had met when she was working as a paralegal spearheading efforts to obtain parole for Lee. His legal career was interrupted by the Second World War, during which he served with the Australian Army's Directorate of Research and Civil Affairs (DORCA) and attained the rank of colonel. Mr Fraser was not told why I wanted him to come. [8] She insisted on being addressed 'Your Excellency',[9] and reinstated the requirement for women to curtsy to her, which Lady (Alison) Kerr had dispensed with. Over the following month, leading to the double dissolution election scheduled for 13 December 1975, Whitlam and ALP supporters constantly and intensely denigrated Kerr, no doubt in the belief that the electorate would prove sympathetic to the deposed Labor government. On 11 November, 1975, after he dismissed Whitlam, the governor general, Sir John Kerr, wrote to the Queen’s private secretary that he had done so “without informing the palace in advance”. 25 ft 5. Anne Kerr, Lady Kerr (née Taggart, previously Robson; 1914 – 16 September 1997) was the second wife of Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia (1974–1977). On 4 November that year, at St James’s Church, King Street, Sydney, he married Alison Worstead, a clerk. [15] The new parliament was opened by Sir Paul Hasluck on 9 July, and Kerr was sworn in as Governor-General on 11 July. "[30]:p282 He therefore moved to London "where he could be seen most days, usually the worse for wear, at one or other gentleman's club. Since the Prime Minister could at any time advise the Queen to terminate the Governor-General's commission, the Governor-General had a right to dismiss the Government without advance warning of his intention to do so. Kerr later put forward five propositions to justify his actions:[citation needed], Kerr later stated that Whitlam represented "something that perhaps I might have been, had I stayed in the party as he did",[24] and it has been suggested that the Dismissal was "as much a case of a thwarted ego seeking his place in history as Whitlam's mismanagement of the economy". He became a friend of Sir Garfield Barwick, the Liberal attorney-general who became Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia in 1964. [5][6] He once corrected her French on a menu, which led Margaret Whitlam to later say, only half jokingly, that he had sealed his fate by it. [9]:p.341–342 Kerr asked Barwick to advise him on whether he had the constitutional power to dismiss Whitlam, and Barwick advised him, in writing, that he did. When Whitlam had left, Kerr summoned Fraser[9]:p.364 and asked him the same questions which Fraser claims to have answered that morning. Carlton. Kerr’s wife Alison ‘Peggy’ Worstead was a fellow student of Margaret Whitlam during university days. In 1935 she was awarded a French Government travelling scholarship and gained her Master of Arts from the Sorbonne, Paris. He let his membership lapse after the party split of 1955. Sir Andrew Kerr’s third son Thomas of Smailholm marries his cousin Margaret Kerr of Kersheugh. [40] When the category of Knight was added to the Order on 24 May 1976, he was made Principal Knight of the Order (AK). In 1941 she married Hugh Walker Robson QC, a barrister, who was appointed to the bench in 1970. Sir John Kerr sacked the … He knew that several Liberal senators were uneasy about the blocking of supply, and might not be relied on for much longer—as was indeed confirmed by Liberal Senator Reg Withers after the dismissal. [12], Jenny Hocking Gough Whitlam: His Time (MUP. [11], She was privy to her husband's thoughts and anxieties as the 1975 constitutional crisis developed, but in his autobiography Matters for Judgement (1978) Sir John Kerr strongly denied she had either dissuaded him from warning the Prime Minister Gough Whitlam that he was going to dismiss him, or that she herself had a political axe to grind. The House of Representatives was suspended at 12:55 pm for the luncheon break. Kerr served as chairman of that organisation until 1970.[9]:p.172. Lady Harriet Louise Anne (1808-1884), married Sir John Stuart Hepburn Forbes, 8th Baronet. On 17 October, Whitlam told an interviewer that the Governor-General could not intervene in the crisis in view of the convention that he must always act on the advice of his Prime Minister. Historian Jenny Hocking has won her High Court bid to access the letters exchanged between then governor-general Sir John Kerr and the Queen around the time of … [6] Kerr eventually graduated in 1936 with first-class honours and the University Medal. Sir John's first wife, Lady Alison (Peggy) Kerr, had died earlier that year after a long illness, and it was known that he was looking for company. [12], He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1977 on the instigation of Malcolm Fraser. In addition to the powers normally exercised only on the advice of the Prime Minister, there are certain uncodified reserve powers, exercisable on the Governor-General's own initiative. MV Sir John and his new wife emerge onto verandah of Admiralty House. It made him anathema to almost half the population and an embarrassment to a significant proportion of the remainder. Please see Wikipedia's template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. The Whitlam Government did not hold a majority in the Senate, and following a series of controversies in 1975 – most notably the Loans Affair – the Liberal opposition leader Malcolm Fraser decided to block supply in an attempt to force an early election. He was Judge of the New South Wales District Court and Chairman of the Court of Quarter Sessions. She died on September 9 … At a press conference that afternoon he said "The Governor-General prevented me getting in touch with the Queen by just withdrawing the commission immediately"[9]:p.359[23] In an article in Quadrant magazine (March 2005, Volume 49, Number 3), David Smith, Kerr's Official Secretary, claimed that Whitlam knew of Kerr's intentions, the Queen had already made her position of non-intervention known to Whitlam and Kerr,[19]:p.329 and Kerr had called a double dissolution to be fair to both candidates, sincerely believing that Whitlam could win back government with the necessary majority in both houses. She was known as Nancy to her friends. She appeared as an official French-English interpreter at more than 30 international conferences over ten years, including Colombo Plan meetings. The propriety, legality and wisdom of his actions surrounding the dismissal have been subject to considerable debate and analysis. "[30] Jack Waterford observed that, above all, "Sir John's legacy was to make the viceroyalty a most controversial post and himself one of the most discussed persons ever to occupy it".[31]. All the contested bills were passed. After Gough Whitlam's election, Hasluck asked him if he were willing to endorse McMahon's recommendation for Kerr's knighthood, but he declined. Despite the passion of die-hard Labor supporters, furious at what they saw as an establishment plot to destroy a Labor government, Labor suffered its greatest-ever loss (7.4% down on its 1974 vote) at the hands of the Coalition, which continued to hold power until 1983. Her marriage to Robson was dissolved in early 1975. Various shots of Scots Kirk 77 ft 7. Genealogy profile for Sir John Kerr Sir John Kerr (c.1140 - c.1205) - Genealogy Genealogy for Sir John Kerr (c.1140 - c.1205) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. On the morning of 11 November Whitlam rang Kerr and confirmed the wording of the announcement he would make in the House of Representatives that afternoon, setting the half-Senate election in train.[18]. On 11 November 1975, Kerr used his reserve powers as governor-general to dismiss Whitlam and his ministry, appointing Fraser to lead a caretaker government. For the next 4 weeks Fraser deferred any vote on these bills. Once the election was called, however, the majority focused on the economy and responded to the Liberals' slogan "Turn on the lights". The conditions for a joint sitting of the parliament had now been met. [3] He won a scholarship to attend the prestigious Fort Street Boys' High School, where he excelled academically. If the Government could not obtain supply, it had either to resign or call an election. During 1975 the government was enveloped by a series of ministerial scandals (the "Loans Affair"), which resulted in the sacking of two senior ministers, Rex Connor and Deputy Prime Minister, Jim Cairns. "[9]:p.356 Fraser later claimed that Kerr telephoned him[19]:p.292 and asked him whether, if he were commissioned as Prime Minister, he would: Fraser recalled answering "yes" to all these questions. Sir John Kerr will go into the history books as the man who brought an end to the Whitlam Government in November 1975. She died in 1974, and then he married Anne Robson in 1975. Letters between Governor-General Sir John Kerr and Buckingham Palace reveal he didn't forewarn The Queen of the dismissal of Gough Whitlam on November 11, 1975, to protect her. 83 ft 8. On 6 November Whitlam informed Kerr that, if the Opposition continued to deny a vote on Supply in the Senate, he would call an early half-Senate election the following Tuesday—11 November 1975. At one time he had made a bid for Liberal Party preselection for the federal seat of Warringah. [19]:p.284, Kerr saw himself as an active player in the unfolding political drama. Kerr and others disagreed fundamentally with this view, arguing the Constitution very clearly set out the Governor-General's powers. [36], John Kerr was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) on 1 January 1966 for services as President of the Law Council of Australia. "The release of the Palace Letters reveals John Kerr and his wife, Anne, as nothing more than a couple of social climbers." Secret 'Palace letters' could illuminate Whitlam Dismissal if finally released On 16 October, the Liberal frontbencher, Robert Ellicott (a former Commonwealth Solicitor-General) published with Fraser's approval a legal opinion which he had prepared for the Shadow Cabinet, arguing that the Governor-General had both the right and the duty to dismiss the government if it could not obtain supply. [17] With the full support of caucus Whitlam announced that if the Opposition continued to block Supply in the Senate, he would call an early half-Senate election in December. Some expected a major backlash against Fraser in favour of Whitlam (who had launched his campaign by calling upon his supporters to "maintain your rage"), based on opinion polls in October and early November which had shown disapproval of Fraser's tactics. Labor supporters continued to voice criticism and demonstrate against Kerr. [citation needed], Kerr's personal relationship with Whitlam by this stage was not strong, he had been upset by suggestions that the Executive Council had acted improperly during the Loans Affair and, moreover, he was suspicious that if Whitlam knew he was contemplating dismissing the Government, he (Whitlam) would react by pre-emptively advising the Queen to dismiss Kerr instead. [11] These discussions commenced in September 1973. For this reason, he was keen to see the crisis brought to an early conclusion. She was an honours graduate from the University of Sydney. In fact, his resignation had already been proposed as early as March 1977, during the Queen's visit. They were married in 1975 during his term of office, six months after the death of his first wife Alison. Lady Anne Katherine (1812-1829), died unmarried. [39] He had asked Gough Whitlam for this appointment shortly after becoming Governor-General in 1974, but was rebuffed. Two days later, his successor, Sir John Kerr, was sworn in. Work at the docks became irregular after the war's end, and he eventually rejoined the railways in 1925. In October 1975 the Liberal-Country party opposition coalition in the Senate (led by Malcolm Fraser) voted to defer consideration of the supply bills until the Whitlam government agreed to 'submit itself to the Australian people', and a political stalemate resulted. He again excelled academically, winning a number of prizes, but had little interest in extra-curricular activities. Kerr did not know Whitlam well, but he had remained friends with several ministers in Whitlam's government, such as James McClelland and Joe Riordan. Kerr's wife Peggy was a fellow student of Margaret Whitlam during university days. [9]:p.423 Kerr was appointed to the post of Ambassador to UNESCO, an office which he felt unable to take up because of continuing bitter attacks on him both inside and outside the Parliament. On 2 November, Fraser offered to pass the bills if Whitlam would agree to call an election before the middle of 1976, but Whitlam in turn rejected that solution. He was involved in the union movement, and participated in a number of strikes, including the 1917 general strike, during which he went without pay for two months. He was educated at Fort Street Boys' High School. Sir John Kerr with his second wife, Lady Ann, on their wedding day in April 1975. Credit: Alan Purcell. Kerr was appointed Chief Justice of New South Wales in 1972. Sir Paul Hasluck was due to retire as Governor-General in July 1974, and the prime minister, Gough Whitlam, needed to find a suitable replacement. [9]:p.342–344 He also advised him that at least one other High Court justice, Sir Anthony Mason, concurred in this view. In the 1950s he had become a QC. [39] (This was another appointment he had unsuccessfully sought from Whitlam in 1974. Updated at 1.38am EDT. The necessary paperwork was then drawn up and drafts exchanged between the Prime Minister's office and Government House over the next 4 days. John Kerr was born in 1937, educated at a primary school in Preston and a new grammar school near Manchester, entered Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth in 1954 and was commissioned in 1957 (He graduated in first place, for which he was awarded HM the Queen’s Gold … 9th Baron of Ferniehirst (Kerr) ... II, died in 1543. Whitlam and others held the view that the Governor-General had no discretion in the exercise of these powers; that they must always be exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister and never otherwise. 2016) p. xiii, Jenny Hocking The Dismissal Dossier: Everything You Were Never Meant to Know About November 1975 updated edition (MUP. Major Hon. Kerr returned to the bar in 1948, becoming a prominent lawyer representing trade union clients and a member of the Labor Party. We are very sad to announce that Admiral Sir John Beverly Kerr GCB DL (Qual N 1964) passed away on 2 Dec aged 82. Near the end of his term, he famously appeared drunk when he presented the 1977 Melbourne Cup. Facebook Twitter. In his memoirs Kerr denied making such a phone call to Fraser, but Fraser was adamant in all subsequent accounts that he did. He was the longest-serving and longest-lived Premier of Queensland, holding office from 1968 to 1987, during which time the state underwent considerable economic development. [12] Kerr was announced as Governor-General-designate on 27 February 1974,[13][14] by which time he had become Sir John Kerr. [25] After Kerr's death, his former embittered close friend, Whitlam cabinet member James McClelland, claimed that Kerr had long aspired to be "top dog in Australia"; that Kerr had once made a pass at him; and that the Dismissal could only be fully understood if Kerr's alleged repressed homosexuality was factored in—that an infatuation with Whitlam had become one for Fraser.[26][27]. They later rented cottages in Rozelle and Dulwich Hill, buying the latter outright only in 1949. Kerr's father knew Evatt through his membership of the Labor Party (which Evatt would eventually lead), and had helped him on his successful campaign for the state seat of Balmain in 1925. One of his closest friends was Ken Gee, who eventually joined him on the judiciary but was also known for his flirtation with Trotskyism. On the nomination of ALP prime minister Gough Whitlam, Kerr was appointed governor-general in July 1974. Kerr appears to have made up his mind on 9 November to dismiss Whitlam. His son Sir John Kerr, 8th Baron of Ferniehirst, did great service against the English and rescued Queen Mary from incursions by the English against the Scots. Obituary: Lady Kerr, Sydney Morning Herald, 20 September 1997. In 1966 she was the first Australian to become a member of the International Association of Conference Interpreters. [9]:p.142 He intended to seek Labor endorsement for a parliamentary seat at the 1951 election, but withdrew in favour of another candidate. He was called to the New South Wales bar in 1938. [9]:p.146 Later in the 1950s, he joined the anti-communist advocacy group established by the United States' CIA, the Association for Cultural Freedom, joining its executive board in 1957.[10]:p.248. This page was last edited on 30 November 2020, at 01:28. 1357. At this meeting Fraser increased the pressure on Kerr, advising him that the Opposition would not back down and would not accept any compromise, warning him that, if he did not take action against Whitlam, then the Opposition would begin to make direct public criticism of him for having "failed in his duty". Thomas Kerr's first wife was: Janet Kirkcaldy They had eleven children. Kerr returned to the bar in 1949 and became one of Sydney's leading industrial lawyers. He made it clear in several conversations with ministers that he did not accept the view that the Governor-General could play no role in the crisis until supply actually ran out: he saw it as his duty to help prevent things from getting to that stage. [9]:p.13 Whitlam seems to have believed that, because of Kerr's former membership in the Labor Party, he was still politically "reliable", without realising that Kerr's political views had changed and that he had come to see the role of Governor-General differently from Whitlam. "Your discrimination is not limited to Constitutional issues", Charteris observed of Kerr’s new wife, Lady Anne Kerr, in a handwritten note on Buckingham Palace letter-paper. She was survived by her two children and four grandchildren and is buried beside her husband at Macquarie Park Cemetery and Crematorium. [9]:p.83–88 Kerr was familiar with this book, and re-read it before accepting Whitlam's offer of the governor-generalship. [9]:p.357[citation needed] So, after reconfirming that Whitlam's intention was to govern without parliamentary supply, Kerr withdrew his commission and served on him the letter of dismissal. On 29 April 1975, in the Scots Kirk, Mosman, she married the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr, becoming the second Lady Kerr;[1] Sir John was a widower, his first wife Alison Kerr, Lady Kerr having died aged 59 on 9 September 1974, two months after he took up the post at Yarralumla. When Fraser answered affirmatively, Kerr then commissioned him as Prime Minister. On 30 October, he proposed a compromise solution to Whitlam and Fraser which would have, in effect, meant a backdown by Fraser (Kerr proposed that the Opposition allow the supply bills to be passed in return for Whitlam's abandoning plans to call an early Senate election), but Fraser did not agree to this. Legislative Council of New South Wales, 17 September 1974, Jenny Hocking The Dismissal Dossier: Everything You Were Never Meant to Know About November 1975 updated edition (MUP. The provisions of the Electoral Act meant that the last date on which a 1975 election could be announced was 11 November. With the full support of caucus Whitlam announced that if the Opposition continued to block Supply in the Senate, he would call an early half-Senate election in December. On paper, the Australian Constitution gave the Governor-General wide-ranging powers, including the power to appoint and dismiss ministers and to dissolve Parliament. Legislative Council of New South Wales, 17 September 1974, Miller, Harry M "Confessions Of A Not-So-Secret Agent", Hachette Australia, 2009. Through her, Kerr acquired two stepchildren. Anne Kerr, Lady Kerr (née Taggart, previously Robson; 1914 – 16 September 1997) was the second wife of Sir John Kerr, Governor-General of Australia (1974–1977). Hasluck's last official act as Governor-General was to open the 29th Parliament on 9 July 1974. He topped the school in English, history, and chemistry in his final year. Anne Dorothy Taggart was born in 1914. Kerr died alone in his home in Sydney in 1991 from a brain tumour, survived by his three children and his second wife. In October 1975 the Liberal-Country party opposition coalition in the Senate (led by Malcolm Fraser) voted to defer consideration of the supply bills until the Whitlam government agreed to 'submit itself to the Australian people', and a political stalemate resulted. [4] In deciding to pursue law as a career, Kerr found a role model in H. V. Evatt, a fellow Fortian who in 1930 became the youngest-ever High Court judge; in the same year, Evatt completed a doctoral thesis on the royal prerogative. And this was a man who had lost his wife," she said. Whitlam arrived at Government House at 1 pm, 15 minutes late. He was the eldest of three children born to Laura May (née Cardwell) and Harry Kerr; his younger brother Dudley was born in 1917 and younger sister Elaine in 1926. This ensured the then Labor government would not be put in the position of deciding whether to offer a state funeral, an honour that would normally be considered automatic for a former Governor-General. He joined the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and was briefly an endorsed candidate for the 1951 federal election. [11], On 30 March 1977 he was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO), an award within the personal gift of the Sovereign, for services as Governor-General. Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Kerr (1807-1871), married Charles Trefusis, 19th Baron Clinton. Kerr began his education at the Birchgrove Public School. After the war's end he became the inaugural head of the Australian School of Pacific Administration. Sir John Kerr with his second wife, Lady Ann, on their wedding day in April 1975. Fraser was also aware of these considerations. [7] After his dismissal, Whitlam also referred to her as "the Lady Macbeth of Yarralumla". He found the personal attacks on him and his wife (whom Whitlam and others accused of having been a sinister influence) deeply wounding. [9]:p.135 After the Labor Party split of 1955, however, he became disillusioned with party politics. Votes still out", "Sir John Kerr dies alone at 76: the storm goes on", "High rise and heritage, a town planner's dilemma, Sydney Morning Herald, 9 February 1988, "Planning chief attacks draconian harbour laws", Sydney Morning Herald, 19 October 1989, "Former Judges of the Northern Territory", The Kerr Palace Letters at the National Archives of Australia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Kerr_(governor-general)&oldid=1006785386, Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George, Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Judges of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, People educated at Fort Street High School, Judges of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory, Judges of the Commonwealth Industrial Court, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. He had three children by his first wife, Alison Worstead. The Liberal Opposition Leader, Malcolm Fraser, decided to use the Senate to block the government's budget bills, thus forcing an early election for the House of Representatives (this is called "blocking supply"). Kerr chose to make a study of the reserve powers through his earlier professional relationship with Evatt, the author of the standard work on the reserve powers as they applied to the British Dominions, The King and His Dominion Governors (1936). He was appointed to the Commonwealth Industrial Court in 1966, later serving on territory supreme courts and as Chief Justice of New South Wales (1972–1974). On one occasion she interpreted for Jawaharlal Nehru at a United Nations human rights seminar in New Delhi. [22] Kerr claimed Whitlam then sought to telephone Buckingham Palace to advise Kerr's dismissal, but Whitlam has always denied this. He immediately granted Fraser's request for a double dissolution, leading to a federal election which saw Whitlam and the ALP defeated in a landslide.
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