"Vinyl chloride." This contrasts with the situation for vinyl alcohol and vinyl fluoride … WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. Dermal exposure effects are thickening of skin, edema, decreased elasticity, local frostbites, blistering, and irritation. The name is also used for any compound containing that group, namely R−CH=CH2 where R is any other group of atoms. If generated, an InChI string will also be generated and made available for searching. 91. [3] Vinyl chloride is a gas with a sweet odor. The color of the residue has been attributed to a polyene structure exi ting after the deh~-drochloriua­ tion [2] . Vinyl chloride (C 2 H 3 Cl ) is the monomer link in the polyvinyl chloride chain. Vinyl chloride is produced from ethylene in two step process . Vinyl chloride enters the environment at manufacturing plants or landfills because of improper disposal. The molecular weight of VINYL CHLORIDE is available in molecular weight page of VINYL CHLORIDE, which is calculated as the sum of the atomic weights of each constituent element multiplied by the number of atoms of that element in the molecular formula. [13], Transporting VCM presents the same risks as transporting other flammable gases such as propane, butane (LPG) or natural gas (for which the same safety regulations apply). Vinyl chloride is produced on a substantial scale—approximately 31.1 million tons were produced in 2000. The furnace effluent is immediately quenched with cold EDC to stop undesirable side reactions. The molecular structure is based on structures generated from information available in ECHA’s databases. [25] In 1963, research paid for in part by Allied Chemical found liver damage in test animals from exposures below 500 parts per million (ppm). John Creech from B.F. Goodrich discovered angiosarcoma (a very rare cancer) in the liver of a worker at the B.F. Goodrich plant in Louisville, Kentucky. The 3D chemical structure image of VINYL CHLORIDE is based on the ball-and-stick model which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. [31], In the late 1960s, the cancers that all of these studies warned of finally manifested themselves in workers. 7804 The spheres have an inside sphere and an outside sphere. Vinyl chloride is stored as a liquid. Volume 45, Number 24. The major issue with this process is that fact that the catalyst used, mercuric chloride, is a very volatile compound. Product purity and yields are generally very high. They obtained it by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol.[8]. In the environment, the … À température ambiante, il se présente sous la forme dun gaz toxique incolore à lodeur douceâtre. NAME 1.1 Substance Vinyl ... 1983; Budavari, 1989). Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is an economical and versatile thermoplastic polymer widely used in building and construction industry to produce door and window profiles, pipes (drinking and wastewater), wire and cable insulation, medical devices, etc. Uninhibited vinyl chloride may be stored either under refrigeration or at normal atmospheric temperature in the absence of air or sunlight but only for a duration of a few days. The VINYL CHLORIDE molecule shown in the visualization screen can be rotated interactively by keep clicking and moving the mouse button. Vinyl chloride is a mutagen having clastogenic effects which affect lymphocyte chromosomal structure. Suciu, I et al. Maltoni, C. "Cancer Detection and Prevention" (1972) Presented at the Second International Symposium on Cancer Detection and Prevention. Midland Michigan. Acetylene reacts with anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas over a mercuric chloride catalyst to give vinyl chloride: The reaction is exothermic and highly selective. 1969. "Acute Response of Guinea Pigs to Vapors of Some Commercial Organic Compounds." The risk of subsequent explosion or fire is significant. The equipment used for VCM transport is specially designed to be impact and corrosion resistant.[14]. Figure 1.Polyvinyl Chloride structure PVC is a white, brittle solid available in powder form or granules, formed through an addition polymerisationreaction between vinyl chloride monomers (Figure 1). … Vinyl chloride liquid is fed to polymerization reactors where it is converted from a monomeric VCM to a polymeric PVC. Viola, P.L. The theoretical r 0 structures agree very well with experimental r 0 structures derived from recent microwave spectral data. The findings in rats at the concentration of 4 to 10 ppm are shown in pictures." It is volatile, so the primary exposure is via inhalation as against food or water with occupational hazards being highest. Vinyl chloride is a known human carcinogen that causes a rare cancer of the liver. Numerous attempts have been made to convert ethane directly to vinyl chloride. Some people who have breathed vinyl chloride for several years have changes in the structure of their livers. Valence electrons that are not used for bonding … Structure of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride). The major industrial preparation of vinyl chloride begins with ethylene and has two variants. VCM is among the top twenty largest petrochemicals (petroleum-derived chemicals) in world production. Therefore, the carbon atom containing the chloride atom has sp2 hybridization, and its geometry around the carbon atom is trigonal … Molecular Weight 86.80 . [2], Vinyl chloride can also be obtained as a byproduct in the synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons when saturated chlorofluorocarbons are catalytically dechlorinated by ethylene. Vinyl chloride is used primarily to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC); PVC is used to make a variety of plastic products, including pipes, wire and cable coatings, and packaging materials. Only $50 for a 3-day license with unlimited use Vinyl chloride may be represented by the structural formula: Atom Legend C = Carbon H = Hydrogen Cl = Chlorine . [24] In 1954, B.F. Goodrich Chemical stated that vinyl chloride caused liver injury upon short-term exposures. Below are the list of the other names (synonyms) of VINYL CHLORIDE including the various registry numbers, if available: Visit ChemTopia for further professional chemical information on the basis of a comprehensive intelligence networking platform for experts in the discipline around the globe. UK Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and Environment Agency (EA) (2004). This information is important … [26] Also in 1963, a Romanian researcher published findings of liver disease in vinyl chloride workers. Even though residence time and temperature are carefully controlled, it produces significant quantities of chlorinated hydrocarbon side products. The resulting vapor-liquid mixture then goes to a purification system. Poly(vinyl chloride) is commonly used for production of various types of pipes, tubes, films and gloves because of, among others, its resistance to various chemicals [26,49,50]. Conversion of complicated chemical-related units is no longer sophisticated with the aid of UnitPot. The portion vaporized will form a dense cloud (more than twice as heavy as the surrounding air). Vinylidene chloride is used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis and to produce polyvinylidene chloride copolymers. Almost nothing was known about its long-term effects. Try a smart search to find answers to similar questions. [4] In the past VCM was used as a refrigerant.[5]. Detecting vinyl chloride: Vinyl chloride also is a breakdown product of other synthetic chemicals. Supplement 7, 1987. [3], Ethane is readily available, particularly on the U.S. gulf coast. Klaus Weissermel, Hans-Jürgen Arpe in "Industrial organic chemistry", "Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Vinyl Chloride"1988. "[32], The Houston Chronicle claimed in 1998 that the vinyl industry manipulated vinyl chloride studies to avoid liability for worker exposure and hid extensive and severe chemical spills in local communities. The reaction must, therefore, be kinetically controlled in order to obtain a maximal vinyl chloride yield. Smaller amounts of vinyl chloride are used in furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automotive parts. [28] In a 1969 presentation given in Japan, P. L. Viola, a European researcher working for the European vinyl chloride industry, indicated, "every monomer used in V.C. In 1912, Fritz Klatte, a German chemist working for Griesheim-Elektron, patented a means to produce vinyl chloride from acetylene and hydrogen chloride using mercuric chloride as a catalyst. The symptoms of vinyl chloride exposure are classified by ppm levels in ambient air with 4,000 ppmhaving a threshold effect. Until 1974, vinyl chloride was used in aerosol spray propellant. Although the industries that use this chemical have known about the harmful effects of vinyl chloride for decades, it has only recently been identified as a known carcinogen. et al. In contrast to ethylene, which easily undergoes chlorine addition, ethane must first be functionalized by substitution reactions, which gives rise to a variety of consecutive and side-chain reactions. [19] RADS (Reactive Airway Dysfunction Syndrome) may be caused by acute exposure to vinyl chloride.[20]. l)oly(vinyl chloride) in a vacuum have been pre­ viously reported [1).1 Under pyrolytic conditions, pol.v(viuyl chloride) decomposes predominantely into hydrogen c hloride and a colorcd solid residue. The vinyl chloride molecule is C 2 H 3 Cl. This colorless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The direct feed of ethane to vinyl chloride plants could thus considerably decrease the raw material costs and make the plants less dependent on cracker capacity. Molecular Formula C 2 H 3 Cl; Average mass 62.498 Da; Monoisotopic mass 61.992329 Da; ChemSpider ID 6098 VCM will react with iron and steel in the presence of moisture. Containers used for handling vinyl chloride at atmospheric temperature are always under pressure. Hence, to save the processing cost for manufacturing ethylene, numerous attempts have been made to convert ethane directly to vinyl chloride. Images of the chemical structure of VINYL CHLORIDE are given below: The 2D chemical structure image of VINYL CHLORIDE is also called skeletal formula, which is the standard notation for organic molecules. Vinyl chloride is an organic compound containing its chlorine atom bonded to one of the two carbon atoms in the double bond of the molecule. The US EPA and FDA limit vinyl chloride in drinking water to 0.002 ppm. What is Vinyl Chloride? China still uses this method to produce vinyl chloride due to the large reserves of coal from which acetylene is produced. "Contaminants in soil: Collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans. The structure data file (SDF/MOL File) of VINYL CHLORIDE is available for download in the SDF page of VINYL CHLORIDE, which provides the information about the atoms, bonds, connectivity and coordinates of VINYL CHLORIDE. 3.2 Chemical structure Molecular weight: 62.50 Molecular formula: C2H3C1 Structural formula: ClCH = CH2 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Colour Colourless 3.3.2 State/form Gas 3.3.3 Description Under normal … At high concentrations, it has a sweet odor typical of chlorinated hydrocarbons. '"Vinyl chloride. Food (ingestion) is a trivial source of exposure. Vinyl chloride is a chemical intermediate, not a final product. The explosive limits are: lower 4.0%, upper 22.05 by volume in air. Vinyl chloride finds its major application in the production of PVC. [16] VCM can polymerise rapidly due to heating and under the influence of air, light and contact with a catalyst, strong oxidisers and metals such as copper and aluminium, with fire or explosion hazard. It is the ethylene molecule with one fewer hydrogen atom. The structures of vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide have been determined by ab initio molecular orbital calculations, and corrections applied to obtain theoretical r 0 values. Vinyl chloride is a highly dangerous chemical used to make numerous plastic materials. [18] The intensity of symptoms varies from acute (1,000-8,000 ppm), including dizziness, nausea, visual disturbances, headache, and ataxia, to chronic (above 12,000 ppm), including narcotic effect, cardiac arrhythmias, and fatal respiratory failure. This page was last edited on 23 December 2020, at 07:13. ", In 1997 the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) concluded that the development and acceptance by the PVC industry of a closed loop polymerization process in the late 1970s "almost completely eliminated worker exposures" and that "new cases of hepatic angiosarcoma in vinyl chloride polymerization workers have been virtually eliminated. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (1997). Jim Morris, "In Strictest Confidence. The vinyl chloride molecule is C 2 H 3 Cl Such a covalent bond, that is, a pair of shared electrons is represented as a line between the atoms, for example as A-B. This alkene undergoes addition polymerization to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a polymer used in pipes and many other products. The line-bond structure of vinyl chloride, C 2 H 3 Cl, is to be drawn. It participates in the preparation of 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-d ivinyldisilane. The chemical industry's secrets,", National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Vinyl Chloride Subpart F, OMB Control Number 2060-0071, EPA ICR Number 0186.09 (, EPA Toxicological Review of Vinyl Chloride in Support of Information on the IRIS. This information is only displayed if the substance is well-defined, its identity is not claimed confidential and there is sufficient information available in ECHA’s … Many such ethane-based processes have been and are being developed. Question: Write Chemical Structures Names For The Repeat Polyethylene, Poly(propylene), Poly(vinyl Chloride), Polystyrene And Polyamide 66. VINYL CHLORIDE International Programme on Chemical Safety Poisons Information Monograph 558 Chemical 1. [19] The complete loss of skin elasticity expresses itself in Raynaud’s Phenomenon.[21]. Vinyl chloride can have acute dermal and ocular effects. According to OSHA, the flash point of vinyl chloride is −78 °C (−108.4 °F). A chemical structure of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. Beilstein/REAXYS Number 3535268 . Le chlorure de vinyle, également connu sous le nom de chloroéthène dans la nomenclature IUPAC, est un important composé chimique industriel principalement utilisé pour produire son polymère, le polychlorure de vinyle (PVC). Unlike some other known carcinogens, vinyl chloride is a manmade substance. It remains the main production method in China. This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. "The Correlation of Clinical and Environmental Measurements for Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride." Houston, Texas. Ethylene first reacts with Chlorine to produce Ethylene dichloride. It can be formed in the environment when soil organisms break down chlorinated solvents. The vinyl chloride compound exists as a colourless gas at room temperature and it has a pleasant odour as well. Patty, F.A. MDL number MFCD00013594. This industrial route to vinyl chloride was common before ethylene became widely distributed. "Vinyl chloride." Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS) (1993). Viola began his research looking for the cause of liver and bone injuries found in vinyl chloride workers. The hazards of storing and shipping acetylene meant that the vinyl chloride facility needed to be located very close to the acetylene generating facility. 23:11, 479–786. UnitPot is a noteworthy web-based scientific unit converter that comes with an intuitive user interface. This compound is important as the monomer for the production of polyvinyl chloride polymer. How Can Vinyl Chloride affect my Health? [27] In 1968, Mutchler and Kramer, two Dow researchers, reported their finding that exposures as low as 300 ppm caused liver damage in vinyl chloride workers thus confirming earlier animal data in humans. PVC comes in two basic forms: Rigid (sometimes abbreviated as RPVC) and flexible. ...” in Chemistry if the answers seem to be not correct or there’s no answer. The thermal cracking reaction is highly endothermic, and is generally carried out in a fired heater. PVC, PVC-U The symbol for polyvinyl chloride developed by the Society of the Plastics Industry so that items can be labeled for easy recycling is: Properties. In the U.S., OSHA lists vinyl chloride as a Class IA Flammable Liquid, with a National Fire Protection Association Flammability Rating of 4. The VAc reduces syndiotacticity and therefore crystallinity ( Gray and Gilbert, 1976 ) so the copolymers may be processed at lower temperatures than those used for the homopolymer. Japan. Kaiser, S.K., Fako, E., Manzocchi, G. et al. Vol 19, 1979. Atlanta, US. [2] The United States currently remains the largest VCM manufacturing region because of its low-production-cost position in chlorine and ethylene raw materials. Vinyl Chloride: The Basics. Exposure to this substance affects the central and peripheral nervous system and causes liver damage. Prolonged exposure to vinyl chloride … The molecular formula of VINYL CHLORIDE is available in chemical formula page of VINYL CHLORIDE, which identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the proportionate number of atoms of each element. May 22–29, 1970. Because of its low boiling point, liquid VCM will undergo flash evaporation (i.e., autorefrigerate) upon its release to atmospheric pressure. Vinylmagnesium chloride solution 1.6 M in THF CAS Number 3536-96-7. The VINYL CHLORIDE molecule contains a total of 5 bond(s) There are 2 non-H bond(s), 1 multiple bond(s) and 1 double bond(s). Due to the hazardous nature of vinyl chloride to human health there are no end products that use vinyl chloride in its monomer form. When EDC in gas phase is heated to 500 °C at 15–30 atm (1.5 to 3 MPa) pressure, it decomposes to produce vinyl chloride and anhydrous HCl. [15] Its flammable limits in air are: lower 3.6 volume% and upper 33.0 volume%. Determination of the mechanism of chlorination from infrared and NMR spectra The conversion of ethane to vinyl chloride can be performed by various routes:[12]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2006). Find an answer to your question “What is the chemical structure of vinyl chloride? The VINYL CHLORIDE molecule contains a total of 5 bond(s) There are 2 non-H bond(s), 1 multiple bond(s) and 1 double bond(s). Some people who work with vinyl chloride have nerve damage and develop immune reactions. IARC. Vinyl chloride yields average 20–50% per pass. Several inches of empty space separate the inside sphere from the outside sphere. Then, finally, on January 23, 1974, B.F. Goodrich informed the government and issued a press release stating that it was "investigating whether the cancer deaths of three employees in the polyvinyl chloride operations at its Louisville, Ky. plant were related to occupational causes. The primary acute (short-term) effects in humans from vinylidene chloride exposure are on the central nervous system (CNS), including CNS depression and symptoms of inebriation, convulsions, spasms, and unconsciousness at high concentrations. vinyl chloride. The ##”C-Cl”## bond contains more s character from the ##”C”## atom, so the […] Nat Catal (2020). People are more likely to develop these changes if they breathe high levels of vinyl chloride. "Chemical Hazard Evaluation and Communication Group, Biomedical and Environmental Information Analysis Section, Health and Safety Research Division. Viola, P L. "Carcinogenic Effect of Vinyl Chloride" Presented at the Tenth International Cancer Congress. School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Public Health Reports. The contents of this page can freely be shared if cited as follows: This solid form can then be modified with the addition of fillers and plasticisers depending on the task at hand. These are alkenes containing a chlorine atom at the double bond. WHO Regional Office for Europe. There are, therefore, many different PVC products available with varying additive compositio… The carbon atoms in the chemical structure of VINYL CHLORIDE are implied to be located at the corner(s) and hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are not indicated – each carbon atom is considered to be associated with enough hydrogen atoms to provide the carbon atom with four bonds. Particularly, much more attention should be drawn to liver changes. A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. At concentrations of about 3.6 percent VCM in air, VCM can be an explosion hazard. (1) The odor threshold for vinyl chloride is 3,000 ppm. As a gas mixed with air, VCM is a fire and explosion hazard. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (1999). ", Harrison, Henrietta (2008). "Working Conditions and Measures for Their Improvement in Production and Use of Vinylchloride Plastics" (1949). The major industrial preparation of vinyl chloride … manufacture is hazardous....various changes were found in bone and liver. "[34] EPA's 2001 updated Toxicological Profile and Summary Health Assessment for VCM in its Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database lowers EPA's previous risk factor estimate by a factor of 20 and concludes that "because of the consistent evidence for liver cancer in all the studies...and the weaker association for other sites, it is concluded that the liver is the most sensitive site, and protection against liver cancer will protect against possible cancer induction in other tissues. Source: Mol-Instincts Chemical Database, Predicted on Quantum. For a better understanding of the chemical structure, an interactive 3D visualization of VINYL CHLORIDE is provided here. The final product of the polymerization process is PVC in either a flake or pellet form. vinyl chloride is good – more than 98% -- and the only significant side reaction is the further addition of HCl to vinyl chloride to form 1,1-dichlorethane” (21).
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