One of the apostle Paul’s most eloquent presentations of the Gospel, along with his own personal testimony, occurs when he has an audience before King Agrippa and his sister Bernice. Sadly, despite these many opportunities, there is no evidence that they ever recognized Jesus as Lord and Savior. In Acts 25 we read: Now when some days had passed, Agrippa the king and Bernice arrived at Caesarea and greeted Festus. It has been reconstructed to read: The great King Agrippa Philocaesar and Queen Berenice, children of the great King Agrippa, restored in the colonia of Julia Augusta Felix Berytus, from their own money, this bathhouse (? Herod Agrippa II, (born 27 ce—died c. 93), king of Chalcis in southern Lebanon from 50 ce and tetrarch of Batanaea and Trachonitis in south Syria from 53 ce, who unsuccessfully mediated with the rebels in the First Jewish Revolt (66–70 ce). Agrippa II was raised and educated at the imperial court in Rome. AGRIPPA II (Marcus Julius or Herod Agrippa II; 28–92 C.E. Herod the Great known in the Bible as the monster who ordered the slaughter of the innocents in Bethlehem, is a well-known figure in ancient historical records. The remains of Agrippa’s palace complex can still be seen today, including the palace courtyard, the hall, and the vaults used as warehouses. Then, at the command of Festus, Paul was brought in. Change ). xx. It does not necessarily mean to kill. And when he had built a theatre at Berytus, with vast expences, he bestowed on them shews, to be exhibited every year; and spent therein many ten thousand [drachmæ.] The Roman Emperor Claudius felt Agrippa was far too young to become King, so he kept him in Rome to continue his studies. When Herod died in c. 4 BC, Antipas was given the Galilee and ruled that region where Jesus of Nazareth lived His entire life. He was a spectacle to behold and the people cried out that he was a “god.” Herod Agrippa II was only seventeen when his father, Herod Agrippa I, died. Herod Agrippa I was familiar with the leaders of the early church, arresting Peter and putting James to death with the sword. 2 There is some debate around when Herod the Great died; the consensus view is that he died in 4 BC, the minority view is that he died in 1 BC. In this article, we’ll explore the […]. Updates? When the First Jewish Revolt broke out, he sided with the Romans. ),  which their ancestor, King Herod, had built and which had fallen to ruins, and re-erected the marble statues and these six columns.9. Agrippa II was born in either 27 or 28 CE. The close relationship between Agrippa and his sister, Bernice, is affirmed archaeologically with an inscription that is currently housed in the National Museum of Beirut. Herod, Roman-appointed king of Judea (37-4 BCE), who built many fortresses, aqueducts, theaters, and other public buildings but who was the center of political and family intrigues in his later years. Herod Antipas is … But the multitude presently sat in sackcloth, with their wives and children, after the law of their country, and besought God for the king's recovery. When Caligula became emperor, Agrippa was released and was given the title of King and the territories formerly held by Herod Philip and Lysanias, and later the territory given to Herod Antipas. The young prince, however, took an interest in the welfare of the Jews and helped secure them an edict of moderation. He was struck by an angel and eaten by worms because he did not give God the glory when people hailed him as a god (Acts 12:20-23; Josephus, Antiquities 19 . Some troops he had sent to Jerusalem capitulated in the summer of 66, and the rebels massacred the Roman garrison. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was the seventh and last "king" of the Herodian dynasty. Because of his youth at the death of his father, Agrippa I, in 44, the emperor Claudius returned Judaea to the status of a province. Here is a chart to visually demonstrate Josephus’ dating. Between 52 and 60, he appointed several high priests and earned the enmity of the conflicting parties. According the Roman historian Josephus, Herod was decked-out in royal garments made entirely of silver. This "King Agrippa" is Herod Agrippa II, the great-grandson of Herod the Great. of the Bible", s.v. The elder Agrippa's career had not been very successful: he had lost his fortune, had gone bankrupt, had fled, had found a job in Galilee (wher… They would sometimes refer to Agrippa by name, but more often not. Agrippa was close with his sister, Bernice, and they frequently traveled together. AD 59-62), Agrippa and Bernice came to visit him in Caesarea Maritima. Agrippa saw no guilt in Paul and would have released him if Paul had not appealed to Caesar. Herod Antipas, Tissot (1836-1902) Antipas was one of at least 14 children Herod the Great had by at least 8 wives. King Agrippa II was an interesting person in history. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Which last had been the tetrarchy of Lysanias. Aristobulus' son Agrippa, named after Augustus' friend Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, was spared. Nay he almost transferred all that was most ornamental in his own Kingdom thither. Julius Marcus Agrippa was born in 27 or 28 in Rome was the son of the Jewish prince Herod Agrippaand his wife Cyprus. The son of Herod Agrippa I, this is the Agrippa who held an audience with the apostle Paul in Caesarea after Paul was arrested in Jerusalem. Agrippa I had two daughters and one son. Josephus Account of Agrippa's Death. Background of King Agrippa II. Herod Agrippa II was the son of Agrippa I and great grandson of Herod the Great, and he was the last of the Herodians. Jan. 25, 2002 -- He was a ruthless man who died a miserable death. Herod Agrippa II, (born 27 ce —died c. 93), king of Chalcis in southern Lebanon from 50 ce and tetrarch of Batanaea and Trachonitis in south Syria from 53 ce, who unsuccessfully mediated with the rebels in the First Jewish Revolt (66–70 ce ). Agrippa is the grandson of Herod the Great and the son of Aristobulus IV, who was killed by his own father (Herod the Great). Vespasian arrived in Judaea in 67, and Agrippa assisted Roman operations. After he died, his territory was split into three, each to be governed by his sons, Archelaus, Antipas and Philip (see Archelaus). For as summary of the evidence for each side, see Andrew Steinmann’s From Abraham To Paul: A Biblical Chronology, pg. He was in power through the reigns of the emperors Nero, Gabla, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan.11   Professional numismatist, Arthur L. Friedberg summarizes: “In many ways, Agrippa II’s issues were really nothing more than regular Roman colonial coins with the bust of the emperor and typical reverses. Agrippa was a key figure in persuading Caligula to rescind his order to place an image of himself in the Temple (JW 2.206-13, Antiq. ), last king of the Herodian line; son of Agrippa I.Like his father he was educated in Rome and he was there when he learnt of his father's death. On the death of Herod II., Agrippa succeeded in having the former's post promised him. Beginning with Herod Philip, however, Herodian rulers began to put their own images on their coinage, and more often, the images of Roman emperors. The Apostle Paul made his defense before Agrippa and Bernice, sharing his testimony of meeting Christ on the road to Damascus and concluding by asking, “King Agrippa, do you believe the prophets? ( Log Out /  When we are told “Agrippa,” he is really King Herod Agrippa II. From the information Luke gives, one might expect that Agrippa was suddenly overpowered by worms that consumed him in a matter of seconds, and one can envision how this might be portrayed gruesomely in a … As his father had been, Agrippa II was an ardent collaborator with Rome and did all in his power to prevent the rupture between Rome and Jewry, but in vain. Agrippa I is the "King Herod" who killed James and imprisoned Peter (Acts 12:1–3). Herod Agrippa II. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Agrippa is the one who said to Paul, “Almost you persuade me to be a Christian.” His original name was Marcus Julius Agrippa. The Dance of the Seven Veils is Salome's dance performed before Herod II. Title Photo: Rare coin with the bust of Agrippa II, Zev Radovan, http://biblelandpictures.com/product/4164-1-agrippa-ii-coin/ Used with Permission. The New Testament portrays him as a tyrant, into whose kingdom Jesus of Nazareth was born. Herod Agrippa II was only 17 years old when his father, King Herod Agrippa I died. When Agrippa supported Florus, urging moderation, the Zealots gained the upper hand, and the case became hopeless. After his death (. (Acts 25:13-14, 22-23). He lived roughly A.D. 27 to 100. ii. X Fretensis was centrally involved in the First Jewish-Roman War (66–73 AD), under the supreme command of Vespasian. Agrippa’s renovations to the city of Ceasarea Philippi was one of his greatest achievements. According the Roman historian Josephus, Herod was decked-out in royal garments made entirely of silver. In AD 70, he even helped Titus with the final conquest of Jerusalem.6  Herod Agrippa II ruled until the end of the first century, as an inscribed lead weight was found near Tiberias that mentions his forty-third regnal year (AD 97/98).7. J." I know that you believe.”  Agrippa replied, “In a short time would you persuade me to be a Christian?” (Acts 26:27-28). He was the son of Herod Agrippa I. 19:236-47). An explanation and analysis is given afterwards: To reconcile the two statements of Josephus about the place of exile and death, see Smith, "Dict. Though he supported the rights of the Jews at Alexandria, who faced trouble from the Hellenized populace, he avoided politics in Judaea, where the Zealots, a terrorist group, were active. Herod Agrippa’s Fall from Power. ( Log Out /  The meaning of “smote” is given in the glossary. Two years later he became king of Chalcis, and in 53 he exchanged this land for Philip the Tetrarch’s former holdings. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. He was the son of Agrippa I, who was the son of Aristobulus, who was the son of Herod the Great. 8.2). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Josephus records: Agrippa built Cesarea Philippi larger than it was before: and in honour of Nero, named it Neronias. Herod Agrippa died in 44 AD while presiding over a festival of games at Caesarea. Herod Agrippa I | Index. Agrippa I The Great Revolt began in the year 66 CE, during the twelfth year of the reign of Nero, originating in Roman and Jewish religious tensions. Claudius's maternal grandparents were Mark Antony and Octavia Minor, Augustus's sister, and he was therefore the great-great grandnephew of Gaius Julius Caesar. As father and son, Agrippa I and II were men of similar characters. 12, § 1; "Ant." The archaeological evidence of the longest-reigning Herodian ruler provides the historical background to his brief appearance in Scripture. The boy was only three years old - he was born in 11 - and was sent t… ( Log Out /  And as they stayed there many days, Festus laid Paul’s case before the king, saying, “There is a man left prisoner by Felix…Then Agrippa said to Festus, “I would like to hear the man myself.” “Tomorrow,” said he, “you will hear him.”So on the next day Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp, and they entered the audience hall with the military tribunes and the prominent men of the city. This made him more than ordinarily hated by his subjects: because he took those things away that belonged to them, to adorn a foreign city.10. Overall, they are indicative of what had become the Herodian dynasty’s total subservience to Rome.”12. Agrippa grew up in Rome and endeared himself to successive Roman emperors. 4 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Herod Agrippa II..  Encyclopædia Britannica, January 1, 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herod-Agrippa-II (Accessed Feb. 3, 2020), 6 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Herod Agrippa II..  Encyclopædia Britannica, January 1, 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herod-Agrippa-II (Accessed Feb. 3, 2020). The year of his death is not known. Herod Antipas liked to listen to John the Baptist and interviewed Jesus before his death. His father murdered the Apostle James in Acts 12:1-2. Obviously Agrippa II was the son. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herod-Agrippa-II. Check out this biography to know about his childhood, life history, achievements, and timeline. But he took from him Chalcis; when he had been governor thereof four years.”5  When Nero became emperor he added more territory to his kingdom. He was a great-grandson of Herod I the Great. King Herod Agrippa I was a grandson of Herod the Great; he ruled over Judea and Samaria. 8 “Agrippa II and Bernice,” in ESV Archaeology Study Bible (ed. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 230-238. Herod Agrippa died in 44 AD while presiding over a festival of games at Caesarea. Herod Agrippa I, named Marcus Julius Agrippa, was born around 10 BC and ruled Judea and its surrounding areas after a brief period of direct Roman rule. 3 Jona Lendering, “Herod Agrippa II.” Livius.org. http://biblelandpictures.com/product/4164-1-agrippa-ii-coin/, https://www.biola.edu/blogs/good-book-blog/2014/how-many-herods-are-there-in-the-bible, https://www.livius.org/articles/person/herod-agrippa-ii/, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herod-Agrippa-II, https://www.livius.org/pictures/lebanon/beirut-berytus/beirut-inscription-mentioning-queen-berenice-and-king-agrippa-ii/, Agrippa I: An Archaeological Biography – Bible Archaeology Report, King Ahab: An Archaeological Biography – Bible Archaeology Report, King Manasseh: An Archaeological Biography, Top Three Reports in Biblical Archaeology – January 2021, Scholar’s Chair Interview: Dr. Charles Aling, Top Ten Discoveries in Biblical Archaeology in 2020. Accordingly he was carried into the palace, and the rumor went abroad that he would certainly die in a little time. Earlier Herodian rulers avoided putting graven images on the coins they minted. His first son, Herod Agrippa II, born in AD 28, ruled much of Palestine as king, though never Judea. When his father - King Agrippa I - died in 44 AD (see Agrippa ), Agrippa II, then a teenager being educated in Rome, was considered too weak to rule over the rebellious Jews, so a Roman governor was appointed to rule the territory of his father. AD 37-44) – Agrippa was the grandson of Herod the Great who killed James and put Peter in prison (Acts 12:1-19). In the year 50, without regard to the rights of the heir to the throne, he had himself appointed ("B. He was in Rome at the time and was favored by Emperor Claudius. Herod Agrippa II, (born 27 ce—died c. 93), king of Chalcis in southern Lebanon from 50 ce and tetrarch of Batanaea and Trachonitis in south Syria from 53 ce, who unsuccessfully mediated with the rebels in the First Jewish Revolt (66–70 ce). ( Log Out /  Claudius was born on 1 August 10 BC at Lugdunum (modern Lyon, France).He had two older siblings, Germanicus and Livilla.His mother, Antonia Minor, may have had two other children who died young. Claudius kept Agrippa II in Rome for a few more years and then made him tetrarch of the Syrian kingdom called Chalcis and gave him the responsibility to supervise the temple in Jerusalem. This is consistent with the picture we see in Scripture of his visit to Festus, the new Roman procurator of Judea. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. John Currid and David Chapman; Wheaton: Crossway, 2018), 1656. What do we know about King Herod historically? In 66 the procurator Gessius Florus permitted a massacre of Jews in Jerusalem, and the Zealots there rose in revolt. A boardgame on the Dark Ages of Invasions Unable to breach the city's defenses, the Roman armies established a permanent … Herod Agrippa, also known as Herod II or Agrippa I (Hebrew: אגריפס ‎; 11 BC – AD 44), was a King of Judea from AD 41 to 44 and of Philip’s tetrarchy from 39. In 60, when St. Paul was arrested, the procurator consulted Agrippa concerning the Apostle’s case; the Tetrarch found him innocent. May 6, 2019. https://www.livius.org/articles/person/herod-agrippa-ii/ (Accessed Feb. 3, 2020). Like his father, Agrippa II was enjoying living the high life in Rome, so he did not mind waiting for his chance to rule. December 21, 2018.  https://www.livius.org/pictures/lebanon/beirut-berytus/beirut-inscription-mentioning-queen-berenice-and-king-agrippa-ii/ (Accessed Feb. 4, 2020). The Jewish king Herod the Great had many sons and one of them was Aristobulus. He was also known as Herod Agrippa II. Agrippa II was a man who knew that he was beholden to Rome for his power and sought to stay in the good graces of the many Roman emperors he served under. Josephus (Bel. She then married her uncle, Herod, king of Chalcis (in Syria), with whom she had two sons. Alternative Title: Agrippa II. It is amazing when one considers the many points of contact the Herodian rulers had with people in the New Testament. Agrippa collaborated with Rome, and actively sought to keep the peace between the Romans and the Jews, but to no avail. However, after a few years, in 53 Agrippa II was allowed to rule parts of the former territory of Philip, and in 56 was also given most of the territory of Galilee and Perea. It is an elaboration ... as he died childless, Aristobulus, the son of Herod, the brother of Agrippa, married her; they had three sons, Herod, Agrippa, and Aristobulus. In order to quell rumors of incest, she briefly married Polemon II in AD 50.8  During the rule of the Roman procurator of Judea, Porcius Festus (ca. 1 Kenneth Berding, “How Many Herods Are In The Bible?” The Good Book Blog – Talbot School of Theology. […] learned about two of the Herodian Rulers in our bioarchaeographies thus far: Herod Agrippa II, who was the ruler before whom the Apostle Paul made his defense in Acts 25-26, and Herod Antipas, […], […] Hezekiah, and Omri, and New Testament figures, like Caesar Augustus, Quirinius, Herod Agrippa I and II, Herod Antipas, Pontius Pilate, Gallio, and Sergius Paulus. Immediately, because Herod did not give praise to God, an angel of the Lord struck him down, and he was eaten by worms and died” (Acts 12:20–23). And when he had already completed the twelfth year of his reign, he bestowed upon Agrippa the tetrarchy of Philip, and Batanea: and added thereto Trachonitis, with Abila. Trouble threatened in his own kingdom. Herod’s 35-acre Temple Compound (below) had been started in c. 19 BC but the work on and ornamentation of the huge complex was not completed under Herod Agrippa II until 63 AD, 67 years after Herod’s death and only seven years before its destruction by the Romans in 70 AD. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. He was a spectacle to behold and the people cried out that he was a “god.” By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. In 48 he received authority over temple affairs in Jerusalem. Last Updated: Jan 1, 2021 See Article History. March 3, 2014. https://www.biola.edu/blogs/good-book-blog/2014/how-many-herods-are-there-in-the-bible (Accessed Feb. 3, 2020). When his father returned to Rome in 36, Julius Marcus and his mother had to stay behind. Nero, the new emperor, in 54 added territory near the Sea of Galilee to Agrippa’s realm. Herod the Great learned of Jesus’ birth directly from the magi. With five different Herods mentioned in Scripture (not to mention a couple of Philips who may also have born the name Herod) it can be difficult to keep them straight, so here’s a quick summary: Marcus Julius Agrippa (Agrippa II) and his sister Bernice were the children of Herod Agrippa I. Educated in Rome, the younger Agrippa was still a teenager when his father died in AD 44.3  Because he was too young to rule, the emperor Claudius, made Judea a Roman Province again. 9 Jona Lendering, “Beirut, Inscription mentioning Queen Berenice and King Agrippa II.” Livius.org. Herod Agrippa I (King of Judea ca. Agrippa II had the longest reign and most extensive coinage of any of the Herodian rulers. The emperor Claudius refused to let him succeed on account of his youth. In our next bioarchaeography we’ll be exploring the life of the last Herodian King: Herod Agrippa II. Jud., II, ix, 6) says: "So Herod died in Spain whither his wife had followed him". Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. When his father had to flee from his creditors, the boy visited Palestine for the first time - he must have been five years old. King Agrippa II and his sister Bernice heard the gospel directly from lips of the Apostle Paul. 11 Arthur L. Friedberg, Coins of the Bible. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. (Atlanta: Whitman Publishing, 2004), 63. Omissions? Bernice had been married to her uncle, Herold of Chalcis, but when he died in AD 48, she began to travel with her brother as his consort. This is the Herod before whom Paul presented his defense (Acts 25:13-26:32) Agrippa II, his siter Bernice and their great grandfather Herod the Great. Also, see an examination of every use of the original Greek word (“patasso;” Strong’s G3960) for smote in the New Testament. In 70 he aided Vespasian’s son Titus in the final conquest of Jerusalem itself. At his death in 44, Agrippa son was considered too young to rule. Corrections? 7 Jona Lendering, “Herod Agrippa II.” Livius.org, May 6, 2019. https://www.livius.org/articles/person/herod-agrippa-ii/ (Accessed Feb. 3, 2020). After the war, his territory was enlarged by Titus, and he apparently survived until 93 ce. He also gave the people a largess of corn; and distributed oil among them; and adorned the intire city with statues of his own donation; and with original images made by ancient hands. However, the prince and the king were not on speaking terms; after two trials before the Roman emperor Augustus, Herod had his son executed in 7 BCE. "Herodias" (note). Herod Antipas was a 1st-century tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, best known for his role in the executions of John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth. He was only 17 when his father died. Four years later, Agrippa II was granted authority over the affairs of the temple in Jerusalem, and then in AD 50, was made king of Chalcis.4 Josephus further records Agrippa’s rise to power: “So Claudius sent Felix, the brother of Pallans, to take care of the affairs of Judea.
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